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By Henry Hawthorne
Alcohol plays a significant role in motor vehicle accidents involving teenagers. Although they are less likely than adults to drive after drinking alcohol, their risk of being involved in an accident while intoxicated is much higher than adults. Teenagers are relatively inexperienced with drinking and driving, thus combining these two activities results in frequent accidents, even at low or moderate blood alcohol concentrations (BACs).
One of the proven methods to reduce drinking and driving among teenagers has been minimum alcohol purchasing age laws. For a number of years, the minimum age for purchasing alcohol was 21. In the 1960s and 70s, that minimum was lowered to 18 or 19 years of age. Studies of that change have shown that there was an increase in the number of under-21 drivers involved in fatal nighttime accidents. As a result, states later raised the minimum purchasing age back to 20 or 21, which then brought about a reduction in nighttime fatal crashes.
In 1984, 23 states had returned the purchasing age back to 21 years old. Since it was proven that this age increase saved lives, federal legislation was created to withhold highway funds from states that did not raise the age again. In 1988, all 50 states, including the District of Columbia, followed suit and returned the alcohol purchasing age to 21 years.
Underage drinking is still a problem however. In some areas of the country, 19-20 year olds are still able to purchase alcohol because of lack of enforcement of the laws. Both high school students and college students under 21 have been able to buy alcohol as some purchasers fail to ask for proof of age. Even when buyers are asked for identification, however, students are sometimes still able to purchase alcohol using false identification. In the past few years there has been a push to crack down on underage alcohol purchases. Laws that have been show to curb underage drinking were already in place. The missing factor was that communities needed to step up enforcement of these laws to make them more effective.
There are many health risks involved with underage drinking that should make reducing the prevalence of it a priority. As the body develops through puberty, various hormones and growth factors are released that are vital for normal organ development and function. Excessive amounts of alcohol before or during this stage of development can adversely affect the body. Another example is liver damage. Elevated liver enzymes indicate some degree of liver damage, which has been found in some adolescents who drink alcohol. Most importantly is the brain. Studies on animals have shown that if the animal is given alcohol while the brain is developing, subtle changes that occur can cause long-lasting impairments. Its not entirely clear what changes the alcohol produces, but there is a strong possibility that excessive adolescent alcohol consumption can have lasting effects on memory and learning skills.
The reasons for drinking while underage are many: a chance to be independent, fitting in with friends at school, just another risk-taking behaviors, as well as many others. Whatever the reason, however, the health effects can be severe. Car accidents and brain and body development risks are only a small part of the big picture. Underage drinking is a problem that should be taken seriously by everyone in order to find a solution soon.
The information you obtain from this article is not, nor is it intended to be, legal advice. You should consult an attorney for individual advice regarding your own situation.
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